Lumbar-sacral pain is a common issue that often arises due to various reasons, including muscle strains, injuries, degenerative changes in the spine, or other medical conditions. Let’s look at the main aspects of this type of pain, possible causes, and treatment methods.

Main Causes of Lumbar-Sacral Pain:

1. Muscle Strains and Sprains: Often occur due to improper lifting of heavy objects, poor posture, or prolonged sitting.

2. Herniated Disc: When one of the discs between the vertebrae shifts or ruptures, it can put pressure on the nerves.

3. Osteoarthritis: With age, the intervertebral discs wear out, which can lead to spinal arthritis.

4. Spondylolisthesis: A condition where one of the vertebrae slips relative to another.

5. Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.

Symptoms :

• Pain in the lower back, which may radiate to the buttocks or legs.

• Restricted mobility and stiffness.

• Possible numbness or weakness in the legs.

Diagnosis:

• Physical Examination: The doctor will check for pain, mobility, and reflexes.

• X-rays: Help identify bone abnormalities.

• MRI or CT Scans: Provide detailed images of soft tissues and vertebrae.

• Blood Tests: To rule out infections or other systemic diseases.

Treatment:

1. Medication:

   • Analgesics (paracetamol, ibuprofen).

   • Muscle relaxants to reduce muscle tension.

   • Steroid injections to reduce inflammation.

2. Physical Therapy:

   • Special exercises to strengthen back muscles.

   • Massage and manual therapy.

   • Electrotherapy, ultrasound.

3. Therapeutic Exercise:

   • Regular exercises to maintain flexibility and muscle strength.

4. Surgical Treatment (in cases where conservative treatment does not help):

   • Removal of a herniated disc.

   • Spinal fusion (fusion of vertebrae).

Prevention:

• Regular physical exercise, particularly those that strengthen the back and abdominal muscles.

• Proper posture when sitting and lifting heavy objects.

• A healthy lifestyle, including maintaining a normal weight.

If you experience lumbar-sacral pain, it is recommended to consult a doctor for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.